boost官方：Version 1.68.0
下载boost_1_68_0.tar.gz或可能其它版本

tar xzvf boost_1_68_0.tar.gz
cd boost_1_68_0/
sudo apt-get update  
sudo apt-get install build-essential autotools-dev libicu-dev ibbz2-dev
#卸载旧版本
# uninstall dpkg
sudo apt --purge remove libboost-dev
sudo apt --purge remove libboost-all-dev
sudo apt --purge autoremove libboost-all-dev
 
# to uninstall the version which we installed from source
sudo rm -rf /usr/lib/libboost_*
sudo rm -rf /usr/include/boost
 
./bootstrap.sh
./b2 --with-python include="/usr/local/include/python3.7m/" 
sudo ./b2 install -j4 
 
# Add the Boost libraries path to the default Ubuntu library search path
sudo /bin/bash -c 'echo "/usr/local/lib" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/boost.conf'
 
sudo  ldconfig
 
#查看 boost 版本信息
cat /usr/local/include/boost/version.hpp | grep "BOOST_LIB_VERSION"
#输出如：
#  //  BOOST_LIB_VERSION must be defined to be the same as BOOST_VERSION
#  define BOOST_LIB_VERSION "1_68"
# 编译安装成功后，在 /usr/local/lib 中会生成有：libboost_python37.so 和 libboost_python37.a 等文件.
cd /usr/local/lib  
sudo ln -s libboost_python-py37.so libboost_python3.so  
sudo ln -s libboost_python-py37.a libboost_python3.a  
 
# 建立到 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu 路径的软连接
sudo cp /usr/local/lib/libboost_python37.a  /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_python-py37.a
sudo cp /usr/local/lib/libboost_python37.so.1.68.0  /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost-py37.so
sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost-py37.so libboost_python.so
 

注意这个是系统自带python3.7才需要这么软连接。其他版本需要根据实际情况调整，初学者不要随意更换boost版本。